liberty mode

New York City is one of the most famous cities in the world. It's the city that never sleeps and has so much to offer. Impressive architecture, modern lifestyle, unique art and cultural highlights are only a few of the things to discover. This calendar shows 12 stunning images of the city on the Hudson River. High-quality wall calendar with 12 beautiful images. We care about the environment. We avoid overproduction and thus significant amounts of waste as we produce our calendars via print-on-demand in the markets we operate in. This means we can keep our transport routes short and ensure climate-conscious logistical processes. 14 Pages Consisting of 1 Cover | 12 Months | 1 Index Page | Cardboard Spine at the back This calendar was re-released this year with the same images and new dates. Illustrations: January: Brooklyn Bridge February: Manhattan March: View from the Empire State Building April: Brooklyn Bridge May: Manhattan Skyline June: Time Square July: Central Park August: Urban jungle September: Central Park October: Statue of Liberty November: New York's skyscrapers December: New York by night QUALITY - High-quality photo calendar with 12 beautiful images on light-resistant paper, robust spiral binding with hanger. PERFECT GIFT - calendars for friends and family, for children, all ages and all occasions, from Christmas to birthdays and everything in between. LOTS OF CHOICE - Wall calendars in different sizes (DIN A4 and DIN A3), for any topic and personal taste, featuring photography, painting and illustrations. Discovering the Big Apple, author: Stefan Becker

National Book Award winner and Pulitzer Prize finalist Nathaniel Philbrick, author of In the Heart of the Sea and Mayflower, reveals how California’s Gold Rush forged the modern United States—and lit the long fuse to civil war In January 1848, a carpenter spotted flecks of gold in a shallow stream at Sutter’s Mill in California, triggering the greatest voluntary migration in U.S. history, as hundreds of thousands raced west in pursuit of sudden wealth, reinvention, and power. From the feverish gold-mining camps of the Sierra Nevada mountains to the wharves and vigilance committees of San Francisco, Nathaniel Philbrick renders a combustible, all-world society: Chilean brothers reinventing themselves to outrun prejudice; Native communities navigating dispossession and violence; the merchant-showman Samuel Brannan, drawn into the center of early vigilantism; and the politicians vying for control of California’s future—the ambitious Free-Soil political boss David Broderick, who squared off against William Gwin, the Southern power broker intent on tilting the state toward slavery and the Confederacy. In The Rush, Nathaniel Philbrick transforms the Gold Rush from a tale of sudden riches into the origin story of America’s modern contradictions—capital consolidated at dizzying speed, democracy in thrall to private power, xenophobia weaponized in the name of liberty—and a stubborn belief in the American experiment that refuses to die. This is the story of a nation tearing at the seams and a republic tested by its own ideals. Not until ayear after the outbreak of the Civil War, when President Lincoln signed legislation that would unite the nation east to west by building a transcontinental railroad, was California’s loyalty secured. Philbrick follows the gold as it moves from riverbed to countinghouse to the halls of power, revealing how vigilantism hardened into law and how debates over slavery in the West tipped the balance in Washington. The result is a clear, human story of how a scramble for wealth reshaped ideas of freedom, labor, and belonging—and how California's rise helped push a fractured nation toward war. The Rush is alive with characters whose choices still reverberate: a searing, panoramic epic that captures both the fury and the promise of America.

National Book Award winner and Pulitzer Prize finalist Nathaniel Philbrick, author of In the Heart of the Sea and Mayflower, reveals how California’s Gold Rush forged the modern United States—and lit the long fuse to civil war In January 1848, a carpenter spotted flecks of gold in a shallow stream at Sutter’s Mill in California, triggering the greatest voluntary migration in U.S. history, as hundreds of thousands raced west in pursuit of sudden wealth, reinvention, and power. From the feverish gold-mining camps of the Sierra Nevada mountains to the wharves and vigilance committees of San Francisco, Nathaniel Philbrick renders a combustible, all-world society: Chilean brothers reinventing themselves to outrun prejudice; Native communities navigating dispossession and violence; the merchant-showman Samuel Brannan, drawn into the center of early vigilantism; and the politicians vying for control of California’s future—the ambitious Free-Soil political boss David Broderick, who squared off against William Gwin, the Southern power broker intent on tilting the state toward slavery and the Confederacy. In The Rush, Nathaniel Philbrick transforms the Gold Rush from a tale of sudden riches into the origin story of America’s modern contradictions—capital consolidated at dizzying speed, democracy in thrall to private power, xenophobia weaponized in the name of liberty—and a stubborn belief in the American experiment that refuses to die. This is the story of a nation tearing at the seams and a republic tested by its own ideals. Not until ayear after the outbreak of the Civil War, when President Lincoln signed legislation that would unite the nation east to west by building a transcontinental railroad, was California’s loyalty secured. Philbrick follows the gold as it moves from riverbed to countinghouse to the halls of power, revealing how vigilantism hardened into law and how debates over slavery in the West tipped the balance in Washington. The result is a clear, human story of how a scramble for wealth reshaped ideas of freedom, labor, and belonging—and how California's rise helped push a fractured nation toward war. The Rush is alive with characters whose choices still reverberate: a searing, panoramic epic that captures both the fury and the promise of America.

The pioneering novel of physical disability, transatlantic travel, and black international politics. A vital document of black modernism and one of the earliest overtly queer fictions in the African American tradition. Published for the first time. A Penguin Classic A New York Times Book Review Editors' Choice/Staff Pick Vulture's Ten Best Books of 2020 pick Buried in the archive for almost ninety years, Claude McKay's Romance in Marseille traces the adventures of a rowdy troupe of dockworkers, prostitutes, and political organizers--collectively straight and queer, disabled and able-bodied, African, European, Caribbean, and American. Set largely in the culture-blending Vieux Port of Marseille at the height of the Jazz Age, the novel takes flight along with Lafala, an acutely disabled but abruptly wealthy West African sailor. While stowing away on a transatlantic freighter, Lafala is discovered and locked in a frigid closet. Badly frostbitten by the time the boat docks, the once-nimble dancer loses both of his lower legs, emerging from life-saving surgery as what he terms "an amputated man." Thanks to an improbably successful lawsuit against the shipping line, however, Lafala scores big in the litigious United States. Feeling flush after his legal payout, Lafala doubles back to Marseille and resumes his trans-African affair with Aslima, a Moroccan courtesan. With its scenes of black bodies fighting for pleasure and liberty even when stolen, shipped, and sold for parts, McKay's novel explores the heritage of slavery amid an unforgiving modern economy. This first-ever edition of Romance in Marseille includes an introduction by McKay scholars Gary Edward Holcomb and William J. Maxwell that places the novel within both the "stowaway era" of black cultural politics and McKay's challenging career as a star and skeptic of the Harlem Renaissance.

The pioneering novel of physical disability, transatlantic travel, and black international politics. A vital document of black modernism and one of the earliest overtly queer fictions in the African American tradition. Published for the first time. A Penguin Classic A New York Times Book Review Editors' Choice/Staff Pick Vulture's Ten Best Books of 2020 pick Buried in the archive for almost ninety years, Claude McKay's Romance in Marseille traces the adventures of a rowdy troupe of dockworkers, prostitutes, and political organizers--collectively straight and queer, disabled and able-bodied, African, European, Caribbean, and American. Set largely in the culture-blending Vieux Port of Marseille at the height of the Jazz Age, the novel takes flight along with Lafala, an acutely disabled but abruptly wealthy West African sailor. While stowing away on a transatlantic freighter, Lafala is discovered and locked in a frigid closet. Badly frostbitten by the time the boat docks, the once-nimble dancer loses both of his lower legs, emerging from life-saving surgery as what he terms "an amputated man." Thanks to an improbably successful lawsuit against the shipping line, however, Lafala scores big in the litigious United States. Feeling flush after his legal payout, Lafala doubles back to Marseille and resumes his trans-African affair with Aslima, a Moroccan courtesan. With its scenes of black bodies fighting for pleasure and liberty even when stolen, shipped, and sold for parts, McKay's novel explores the heritage of slavery amid an unforgiving modern economy. This first-ever edition of Romance in Marseille includes an introduction by McKay scholars Gary Edward Holcomb and William J. Maxwell that places the novel within both the "stowaway era" of black cultural politics and McKay's challenging career as a star and skeptic of the Harlem Renaissance.

New York City is one of the most famous cities in the world. It's the city that never sleeps and has so much to offer. Impressive architecture, modern lifestyle, unique art and cultural highlights are only a few of the things to discover. This calendar shows 12 stunning images of the city on the Hudson River. Premium high-gloss art print in museum quality. To ensure that the sheets of paper hang smoothly on the wall, this high-quality calendar has innovative insert pockets. They protect the large sheets from humidity effects. Paper is a natural material. The fibres react to fluctuations in the room climate. The tuck-in corners should therefore not be removed. Our environment is important to us, which is why we rely on individual production in Germany (Made in Germany) with high-quality materials. 14 Pages Consisting of 1 Cover | 12 Months | 1 Index Page I Cardboard Spine at the Back. This calendar was re-released this year with the same images and new dates. Illustrations: January: Brooklyn Bridge February: Manhattan March: View from the Empire State Building April: Brooklyn Bridge May: Manhattan Skyline June: Time Square July: Central Park August: Urban jungle September: Central Park October: Statue of Liberty November: New York's skyscrapers December: New York by night PREMIUM COLLECTION - Brilliant photo calendar with 12 beautiful motifs, high-gloss art print in museum quality. QUALITY - high-quality materials, sturdy back cover with 2 innovative insert pockets for optimum presentation on the wall. PERFECT GIFT - calendars for friends and family, for children and adults, young and old, for Christmas, birthdays or in between. Discovering the Big Apple von Autor(in): Stefan Becker

How to be Idle is Tom Hodgkinson's entertaining guide to reclaiming your right to be idle. As Oscar Wilde said, doing nothing is hard work. The Protestant work ethic has most of us in its thrall, and the idlers of this world have the odds stacked against them. But here, at last, is a book that can help. From Tom Hodgkinson, editor of the Idler, comes How to be Idle, an antidote to the work-obsessed culture which puts so many obstacles between ourselves and our dreams. Hodgkinson presents us with a laid-back argument for a new contract between routine and chaos, an argument for experiencing life to the full and living in the moment. Ranging across a host of issues that may affect the modern idler - sleep, the world of work, pleasure and hedonism, relationships, bohemian living, revolution - he draws on the writings of such well-known apologists for idleness as Dr Johnson, Oscar Wilde, Robert Louis Stevenson and Nietzsche. His message is clear: take control of your life and reclaim your right to be idle. 'Well written, funny and with a scholarly knowledge of the literature of laziness, it is both a book to be enjoyed at leisure and to change lives' Sunday Times 'In his life and in this book the author is 100 per cent on the side of the angels' Literary Review 'The book is so stuffed with wisdom and so stuffed with good jokes that I raced through it like a speed freak' Independent on Sunday Tom Hodgkinson is the founder and editor of The Idler and the author of How to be Idle, How to be Free, The Idle Parent and Brave Old World. In spring 2011 he founded The Idler Academy in London, a bookshop, coffeehouse and cultural centre which hosts literary events and offers courses in academic and practical subjects - from Latin to embroidery. Its motto is 'Liberty through Education'.

Lee Kuan Yew: The Philosopher-King of Singapore By Lucas Almanza Lee Kuan Yew is often described as a brilliant administrator, a pragmatic modernizer, or an authoritarian technocrat. This book argues something deeper: he was the closest the modern world has come to producing a philosopher-king. Drawing from Western political theory, Confucian ethics, and the brutal lessons of Asian history, LKY engineered one of the most improbable national successes of the 20th century. Lee Kuan Yew: The Philosopher-King of Singapore traces the evolution of his worldview-from colonial Cambridge prodigy to wartime survivor, from revolutionary leader to grand strategist-and reveals a mind far more ambitious than the usual portraits allow. Lucas Almanza presents LKY not merely as the builder of Singapore, but as a civilizational thinker who fused East and West into a coherent philosophy of governance: rational meritocracy, disciplined liberty, multicultural order, and a relentless belief that nations must be built, not inherited. Through Singapore's institutions-its anti-corruption architecture, its managed diversity, its elite-led meritocracy, and its seamless fusion of markets with moral authority-Almanza shows how LKY crafted a political experiment unmatched in durability and clarity. This is both an intellectual biography and a work of political philosophy:What does it take to build a high-trust society from nothing? How do nations balance freedom with order, diversity with unity, prosperity with discipline? And what can a troubled West learn from an Asian statesman who believed that ideals must bow to survival? Elegant, analytical, and globally minded, Lee Kuan Yew: The Philosopher-King of Singapore paints the portrait of a leader who shaped not only a nation, but a model of governance that continues to challenge democracies and autocracies alike.

Chronicles how American culture - deeply rooted in white supremacy, slavery and capitalism - finds its origin story in the 17th century European colonization of Africa and North America, exposing the structural origins of American "looting" Virtually no part of the modern United States-the economy, education, constitutional law, religious institutions, sports, literature, economics, even protest movements-can be understood without first understanding the slavery and dispossession that laid its foundation. To that end, historian Gerald Horne digs deeply into Europe's colonization of Africa and the New World, when, from Columbus's arrival until the Civil War, some 13 million Africans and some 5 million Native Americans were forced to build and cultivate a society extolling "liberty and justice for all." The seventeenth century was, according to Horne, an era when the roots of slavery, white supremacy, and capitalism became inextricably tangled into a complex history involving war and revolts in Europe, England's conquest of the Scots and Irish, the development of formidable new weaponry able to ensure Europe's colonial dominance, the rebel merchants of North America who created "these United States," and the hordes of Europeans whose newfound opportunities in this "free" land amounted to "combat pay" for their efforts as "white" settlers. Centering his book on the Eastern Seaboard of North America, the Caribbean, Africa, and what is now Great Britain, Horne provides a deeply researched, harrowing account of the apocalyptic loss and misery that likely has no parallel in human history. The Apocalypse of Settler Colonialism is an essential book that will not allow history to be told by the victors. It is especially needed now, in the age of Trump. For it has never been more vital, Horne writes, "to shed light on the contemporary moment wherein it appears that these malevolent forces have received a new lease on life."

An engaging illustrated history of feminism from antiquity through third-wave feminism, featuring Sappho, Mary Magdalene, Mary Wollstonecraft, Sojourner Truth, Simone de Beauvoir, and many others. The history of feminism? The right to vote, Susan B. Anthony, Gloria Steinem, white pantsuits? Oh, but there's so much more. And we need to know about it, especially now. In pithy text and pithier comics, A Brief History of Feminism engages us, educates us, makes us laugh, and makes us angry. It begins with antiquity and the early days of Judeo-Christianity. (Mary Magdalene questions the maleness of Jesus's inner circle: “People will end up getting the notion you don't want women to be priests.” Jesus: “Really; Mary, do you always have to be so negative?”) It continues through the Middle Ages, the Early Modern period, and the Enlightenment (“Liberty; equality, fraternity!” “But fraternity means brotherhood!”). It covers the beginnings of an organized women's movement in the nineteenth century, second-wave Feminism, queer feminism, and third-wave Feminism. Along the way, we learn about important figures: Olympe de Gouges, author of the “Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen” (guillotined by Robespierre); Flora Tristan, who linked the oppression of women and the oppression of the proletariat before Marx and Engels set pen to paper; and the poet Audre Lorde, who pointed to the racial obliviousness of mainstream feminism in the 1970s and 1980s. We learn about bourgeois and working-class issues, and the angry racism of some American feminists when black men got the vote before women did. We see God as a long-bearded old man emerging from a cloud (and once, as a woman with her hair in curlers). And we learn the story so far of a history that is still being written.

An engaging illustrated history of feminism from antiquity through third-wave feminism, featuring Sappho, Mary Magdalene, Mary Wollstonecraft, Sojourner Truth, Simone de Beauvoir, and many others. The history of feminism? The right to vote, Susan B. Anthony, Gloria Steinem, white pantsuits? Oh, but there's so much more. And we need to know about it, especially now. In pithy text and pithier comics, A Brief History of Feminism engages us, educates us, makes us laugh, and makes us angry. It begins with antiquity and the early days of Judeo-Christianity. (Mary Magdalene questions the maleness of Jesus's inner circle: “People will end up getting the notion you don't want women to be priests.” Jesus: “Really; Mary, do you always have to be so negative?”) It continues through the Middle Ages, the Early Modern period, and the Enlightenment (“Liberty; equality, fraternity!” “But fraternity means brotherhood!”). It covers the beginnings of an organized women's movement in the nineteenth century, second-wave Feminism, queer feminism, and third-wave Feminism. Along the way, we learn about important figures: Olympe de Gouges, author of the “Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen” (guillotined by Robespierre); Flora Tristan, who linked the oppression of women and the oppression of the proletariat before Marx and Engels set pen to paper; and the poet Audre Lorde, who pointed to the racial obliviousness of mainstream feminism in the 1970s and 1980s. We learn about bourgeois and working-class issues, and the angry racism of some American feminists when black men got the vote before women did. We see God as a long-bearded old man emerging from a cloud (and once, as a woman with her hair in curlers). And we learn the story so far of a history that is still being written.

'Eye-opening, thought-provoking and deeply enjoyable, What is Free Speech? is a work of great profundity and brilliance' William Dalrymple A fresh and exciting approach to one of the most controversial subjects of our time 'Free Speech!' is a clarion call all over the world, yet what it means today is more contested than ever. Many cultures regard it as dangerous: in China, India, and across the Islamic world, unorthodox views about politics, sex, and religion are repressed and people are often punished for expressing them. Even in the western world, where it is held up as a core value, there is widespread discord and disagreement about what freedom of expression means. Amidst perennial imbalances of power, continually evolving cultural taboos, dramatic new technologies and a fast-changing global media landscape, where free speech comes from - and how we might think about it - are critical questions. Through the lens of history, What Is Free Speech? shows us that freedom of speech is not an absolute from which societies and regimes have drifted or dissented at different times, but something more complicated and interesting. Our modern conceptions of press and speech liberty, Dabhoiwala shows, were invented in Britain around 1700. The real history of freedom of expression is a story of countless fascinating men and women whose lives have shaped its principles and practices over the past 300 years - slaves and imperialists, poets and philosophers, plutocrats and revolutionaries. Ranging across Europe, North America and South Asia, and not neglecting other parts of the world, Dabhoiwala rejects celebratory platitudes about the past and present of free expression. Instead, his book explains how to think more deeply about free speech as a global as well as a local question - by tracing how we got into our current predicaments, showing that history complicates our contemporary presumptions, and suggesting fresh possibilities for the future.

'Eye-opening, thought-provoking and deeply enjoyable, What is Free Speech? is a work of great profundity and brilliance' William Dalrymple A fresh and exciting approach to one of the most controversial subjects of our time 'Free Speech!' is a clarion call all over the world, yet what it means today is more contested than ever. Many cultures regard it as dangerous: in China, India, and across the Islamic world, unorthodox views about politics, sex, and religion are repressed and people are often punished for expressing them. Even in the western world, where it is held up as a core value, there is widespread discord and disagreement about what freedom of expression means. Amidst perennial imbalances of power, continually evolving cultural taboos, dramatic new technologies and a fast-changing global media landscape, where free speech comes from - and how we might think about it - are critical questions. Through the lens of history, What Is Free Speech? shows us that freedom of speech is not an absolute from which societies and regimes have drifted or dissented at different times, but something more complicated and interesting. Our modern conceptions of press and speech liberty, Dabhoiwala shows, were invented in Britain around 1700. The real history of freedom of expression is a story of countless fascinating men and women whose lives have shaped its principles and practices over the past 300 years - slaves and imperialists, poets and philosophers, plutocrats and revolutionaries. Ranging across Europe, North America and South Asia, and not neglecting other parts of the world, Dabhoiwala rejects celebratory platitudes about the past and present of free expression. Instead, his book explains how to think more deeply about free speech as a global as well as a local question - by tracing how we got into our current predicaments, showing that history complicates our contemporary presumptions, and suggesting fresh possibilities for the future.

In "The Flying Inn," G. K. Chesterton weaves a compelling narrative that blends satire with fantasy, reflecting his keen observations of early 20th-century societal changes. The novel follows the adventures of a wandering innkeeper and a beer-drinking publican, engaging with themes of liberty, the encroachment of modernity, and a whimsical critique of bureaucracy. Chesterton's rich prose is characterized by its sharp wit and philosophical depth, inviting readers to ponder the value of tradition in a rapidly evolving world while allowing his eccentric characters to shine through a tapestry of humor and keen insight. G. K. Chesterton was a prominent English writer, philosopher, and theologian, whose works often tackled the tensions between faith, modernism, and the complexities of human nature. His staunch defense of common sense, tradition, and the joys of life is rooted in his own experiences and worldview, fostering a deep appreciation for the simple pleasures that are increasingly threatened by contemporary ideologies. His convictions are artfully encapsulated in this novel, as he confronts the absurdities of a society losing touch with its foundational values. "The Flying Inn" is a delightful and thought-provoking read that will resonate with anyone who cherishes the importance of tradition and the richness of human experience. Chesterton's spirited prose and engaging characters not only entertain but also inspire critical reflection on modern life's challenges. It is a must-read for those interested in literature that seamlessly blends intellectual rigor with whimsical storytelling.

France, a country renowned for its elegance, rich history, and artistic charm, has long enchanted people from all corners of the world. From the iconic Eiffel Tower and the lush vineyards of Bordeaux, to the enchanting streets of Paris and the sun-soaked shores of Provence, France offers an extraordinary blend of natural splendor, cultural depth, and intellectual heritage. This book, "Introduction à la France", seeks to provide a detailed and captivating exploration of the nation's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and lasting global impact. For centuries, France has been at the center of Europe's most defining moments, influencing and being influenced by major historical events. It has served as a cradle for revolutions, a birthplace for groundbreaking ideas, and a leader in innovation across diverse fields such as art, architecture, science, and fashion. Its cities serve as living testaments to its past, where ancient cathedrals stand alongside modern art galleries, while its countryside radiates timeless beauty, inspiring countless travelers and creatives. This book begins by guiding readers through France's early history, tracing its development from its Celtic and Roman origins to the rise of medieval kingdoms and the transformative period of the French Revolution. It then delves into France's rich cultural fabric, exploring the artistic movements, architectural marvels, and intellectual gatherings-such as the celebrated salons of the Enlightenment-that have shaped the nation's identity. Beyond history and culture, readers will gain insights into modern French life, including its world-renowned cuisine, wines, and the globally influential fashion industry. Whether enjoying a croissant at a cozy Parisian café or marveling at masterpieces in prestigious museums, every experience in France reflects a legacy that seamlessly blends beauty, intellect, and craftsmanship. France is more than just a nation-it represents an enduring spirit that values liberty, creativity, and refinement. This book is not just about facts; it invites readers to immerse themselves in the essence of France, offering both a deeper understanding of its unique heritage and an appreciation for its timeless allure. Whether you are a student, a traveler, or simply someone curious to learn about this remarkable nation, "Introduction à la France" will be your guide to discovering the soul of a country that has inspired the world for generations. Welcome to France! Your journey starts here. Visit our official website Lightup Technologies to find the digital edition of this book at a lower price. It offers an easy and comfortable reading experience. We will deliver within one hour. Soft copy is compatible to all devices like Mobile, Tablet, Laptop, Desktop, etc.

France, a country renowned for its elegance, rich history, and artistic charm, has long enchanted people from all corners of the world. From the iconic Eiffel Tower and the lush vineyards of Bordeaux, to the enchanting streets of Paris and the sun-soaked shores of Provence, France offers an extraordinary blend of natural splendor, cultural depth, and intellectual heritage. This book, Introduction à la France, seeks to provide a detailed and captivating exploration of the nation's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and lasting global impact. For centuries, France has been at the center of Europe's most defining moments, influencing and being influenced by major historical events. It has served as a cradle for revolutions, a birthplace for groundbreaking ideas, and a leader in innovation across diverse fields such as art, architecture, science, and fashion. Its cities serve as living testaments to its past, where ancient cathedrals stand alongside modern art galleries, while its countryside radiates timeless beauty, inspiring countless travelers and creatives. This book begins by guiding readers through France's early history, tracing its development from its Celtic and Roman origins to the rise of medieval kingdoms and the transformative period of the French Revolution. It then delves into France's rich cultural fabric, exploring the artistic movements, architectural marvels, and intellectual gatherings-such as the celebrated salons of the Enlightenment-that have shaped the nation's identity. Beyond history and culture, readers will gain insights into modern French life, including its world-renowned cuisine, wines, and the globally influential fashion industry. Whether enjoying a croissant at a cozy Parisian café or marveling at masterpieces in prestigious museums, every experience in France reflects a legacy that seamlessly blends beauty, intellect, and craftsmanship. France is more than just a nation-it represents an enduring spirit that values liberty, creativity, and refinement. This book is not just about facts; it invites readers to immerse themselves in the essence of France, offering both a deeper understanding of its unique heritage and an appreciation for its timeless allure. Whether you are a student, a traveler, or simply someone curious to learn about this remarkable nation, Introduction à la France will be your guide to discovering the soul of a country that has inspired the world for generations. Welcome to France! Your journey starts here. Visit our official website Lightup Technologies to find the digital edition of this book at a lower price. It offers an easy and comfortable reading experience. We will deliver within one hour. Soft copy is compatible to all devices like Mobile, Tablet, Laptop, Desktop, etc.

"Know, then, my friends, that everything that is recited and practiced in the world for the cult and adoration of gods is nothing but errors, abuses, illusions, and impostures. All the laws and orders that are issued in the name and authority of God or the gods are really only human inventions...." "And what I say here in general about the vanity and falsity of the religions of the world, I don't say only about the foreign and pagan religions, which you already regard as false, but I say it as well about your Christian religion because, as a matter of fact, it is no less vain or less false than any other." These are not the words of Christopher Hitchens, Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, or any other outspoken contemporary atheist. In fact, they are the words of a quiet, modest parish priest named Jean Meslier, who died in early 18th-century France and left behind his copious Testament as a legacy for his parishioners. This obviously controversial work, which influenced such noted thinkers as Baron d'Holbach and Voltaire, and is viewed by some historians as anticipating both the French Revolution and Karl Marx, is now available in English for the first time. In impassioned tones but with analytical precision, Meslier presents a methodical deconstruction of Christianity and the governments that support it, along with a thoughtful defense of the fundamental human rights of liberty, equality, and the pursuit of happiness. He reveals himself not only as a materialist and unbeliever but also as a man of revolutionary sentiments who firmly opposes the governments of his day, which he maintains keep the common people in ignorance, fear, and poverty through religion. Moreover, he urges his former parishioners to wake up and inform themselves about the truth of their governments and religion. This fascinating document, which is an early forerunner of many later critiques of religion, is must reading for freethinkers, skeptics, and anyone interested in the history of religion and dissent.

From brownstones to skyscrapers, New York’s skyline dazzles. This opinionated guide features 50+ iconic and hidden buildings, perfect for locals and visitors alike From Brooklyn brownstones to Bauhaus blocks, Art Deco icons to towering skyscrapers – New York’s ever-evolving skyline spans all architectural styles, tracing the history of this modern metropolis. From famous icons like the Flatiron Building to hidden architectural gems, the guide features more than 50 must-see buildings spanning all architectural styles. Whether you’re a seasoned New Yorker or a curious visitor, this is your boldly opinionated guide to the most arresting buildings in The Big Apple. Includes: High Line Lever House Spring Street Salt Shed American Museum of Natural History: Richard Gilder Center for Science, Education, and Innovation Breuer Building Brooklyn Bridge Chrysler Building Empire State Building Flatiron Building Ford Foundation Center for Social Justice Grand Central Terminal Hearst Tower Lincoln Center Kings Theatre New York Public Library: Stephen A. Schwarzman Building Oculus One World Trade Center / National September 11 Memorial & Museum (combined entry) Park Avenue Armory Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Sylvan Terrace Tenement Museum Studio Museum in Harlem TWA Flight Center Woolworth Building Helmsley Building SoHo-Cast Iron Historic District The Arches of Central Park Tracey Towers General Electric Building Wyckoff House Statue of Liberty Trinity Church Dyckman Farmhouse Museum Jefferson Market Library Bayard–Condict Building Park Slope Historic District Washington Square Arch Radio City Music Hall Seagram Building Manhattan Municipal Building American Radiator Building Chelsea Hotel Weeksville Heritage Center High Bridge Lenox Health Greenwich Village (Joseph Curran Building) Modulightor Building Fort Wadsworth: Battery Weed Rockefeller Center 432 Park Avenue Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park Silver Towers 550 Madison Avenue Eldridge Street Synagogue Perelman Performing Arts Center New Museum Sugar Hill Development One Wall Street St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church Whitney Museum of American Art 5 Beekman Street The Morgan Library & Museum Green-Wood Cemetery: Arch Hunter's Point Library Bronx Community College: Gould Memorial Library Steinway Tower 41 Cooper Square

"Know, then, my friends, that everything that is recited and practiced in the world for the cult and adoration of gods is nothing but errors, abuses, illusions, and impostures. All the laws and orders that are issued in the name and authority of God or the gods are really only human inventions...." "And what I say here in general about the vanity and falsity of the religions of the world, I don't say only about the foreign and pagan religions, which you already regard as false, but I say it as well about your Christian religion because, as a matter of fact, it is no less vain or less false than any other." These are not the words of Christopher Hitchens, Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, or any other outspoken contemporary atheist. In fact, they are the words of a quiet, modest parish priest named Jean Meslier, who died in early 18th-century France and left behind his copious Testament as a legacy for his parishioners. This obviously controversial work, which influenced such noted thinkers as Baron d'Holbach and Voltaire, and is viewed by some historians as anticipating both the French Revolution and Karl Marx, is now available in English for the first time. In impassioned tones but with analytical precision, Meslier presents a methodical deconstruction of Christianity and the governments that support it, along with a thoughtful defense of the fundamental human rights of liberty, equality, and the pursuit of happiness. He reveals himself not only as a materialist and unbeliever but also as a man of revolutionary sentiments who firmly opposes the governments of his day, which he maintains keep the common people in ignorance, fear, and poverty through religion. Moreover, he urges his former parishioners to wake up and inform themselves about the truth of their governments and religion. This fascinating document, which is an early forerunner of many later critiques of religion, is must reading for freethinkers, skeptics, and anyone interested in the history of religion and dissent.

#1 New York Times bestselling author and radio host Mark R. Levin delivers a bracing meditation” (National Review) on the ways our government has failed the next generation. In modern America, the civil society is being steadily devoured by a ubiquitous federal government. But as the government grows into an increasingly authoritarian and centralized federal Leviathan, many parents continue to tolerate, if not enthusiastically champion, grievous public policies that threaten their children and successive generations with a grim future at the hands of a brazenly expanding and imploding entitlement state poised to burden them with massive debt, mediocre education, waves of immigration, and a deteriorating national defense. Yet tyranny is not inevitable. In Federalist 51, James Madison explained with cautionary insight the essential balance between the civil society and governmental restraint: In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself.” This essential new book is, against all odds, a likeminded appeal to reason and audacity—one intended for all Americans but particularly the rising generation. Younger people must find the personal strength and will to break through the cycle of statist manipulation, unrelenting emotional overtures, and the pressure of groupthink, which are humbling, dispiriting, and absorbing them; to stand up against the heavy hand of centralized government, which if left unabated will assuredly condemn them to economic and societal calamity. Levin calls for a new civil rights movement, one that will foster liberty and prosperity and cease the exploitation of young people by statist masterminds. He challenges the rising generation of younger Americans to awaken to the cause of their own salvation, asking: will you acquiesce to a government that overwhelmingly acts without constitutional foundation—or will you stand in your own defense so that yours and future generations can live in freedom?

From brownstones to skyscrapers, New York’s skyline dazzles. This opinionated guide features 50+ iconic and hidden buildings, perfect for locals and visitors alike From Brooklyn brownstones to Bauhaus blocks, Art Deco icons to towering skyscrapers – New York’s ever-evolving skyline spans all architectural styles, tracing the history of this modern metropolis. From famous icons like the Flatiron Building to hidden architectural gems, the guide features more than 50 must-see buildings spanning all architectural styles. Whether you’re a seasoned New Yorker or a curious visitor, this is your boldly opinionated guide to the most arresting buildings in The Big Apple. Includes: High Line Lever House Spring Street Salt Shed American Museum of Natural History: Richard Gilder Center for Science, Education, and Innovation Breuer Building Brooklyn Bridge Chrysler Building Empire State Building Flatiron Building Ford Foundation Center for Social Justice Grand Central Terminal Hearst Tower Lincoln Center Kings Theatre New York Public Library: Stephen A. Schwarzman Building Oculus One World Trade Center / National September 11 Memorial & Museum (combined entry) Park Avenue Armory Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum Sylvan Terrace Tenement Museum Studio Museum in Harlem TWA Flight Center Woolworth Building Helmsley Building SoHo-Cast Iron Historic District The Arches of Central Park Tracey Towers General Electric Building Wyckoff House Statue of Liberty Trinity Church Dyckman Farmhouse Museum Jefferson Market Library Bayard–Condict Building Park Slope Historic District Washington Square Arch Radio City Music Hall Seagram Building Manhattan Municipal Building American Radiator Building Chelsea Hotel Weeksville Heritage Center High Bridge Lenox Health Greenwich Village (Joseph Curran Building) Modulightor Building Fort Wadsworth: Battery Weed Rockefeller Center 432 Park Avenue Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park Silver Towers 550 Madison Avenue Eldridge Street Synagogue Perelman Performing Arts Center New Museum Sugar Hill Development One Wall Street St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church Whitney Museum of American Art 5 Beekman Street The Morgan Library & Museum Green-Wood Cemetery: Arch Hunter's Point Library Bronx Community College: Gould Memorial Library Steinway Tower 41 Cooper Square

NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY THE KANSAS CITY STAR From Anthony Everitt, the bestselling author of acclaimed biographies of Cicero, Augustus, and Hadrian, comes a riveting, magisterial account of Rome and its remarkable ascent from an obscure agrarian backwater to the greatest empire the world has ever known. Emerging as a market town from a cluster of hill villages in the eighth and seventh centuries B.C., Rome grew to become the ancient world's preeminent power. Everitt fashions the story of Rome's rise to glory into an erudite page-turner filled with lasting lessons for our time. He chronicles the clash between patricians and plebeians that defined the politics of the Republic. He shows how Rome's shrewd strategy of offering citizenship to her defeated subjects was instrumental in expanding the reach of her burgeoning empire. And he outlines the corrosion of constitutional norms that accompanied Rome's imperial expansion, as old habits of political compromise gave way, leading to violence and civil war. In the end, unimaginable wealth and power corrupted the traditional virtues of the Republic, and Rome was left triumphant everywhere except within its own borders. Everitt paints indelible portraits of the great Romans-and non-Romans-who left their mark on the world out of which the mighty empire grew: Cincinnatus, Rome's George Washington, the very model of the patrician warrior/aristocrat; the brilliant general Scipio Africanus, who turned back a challenge from the Carthaginian legend Hannibal; and Alexander the Great, the invincible Macedonian conqueror who became a role model for generations of would-be Roman rulers. Here also are the intellectual and philosophical leaders whose observations on the art of government and "the good life" have inspired every Western power from antiquity to the present: Cato the Elder, the famously incorruptible statesman who spoke out against the decadence of his times, and Cicero, the consummate orator whose championing of republican institutions put him on a collision course with Julius Caesar and whose writings on justice and liberty continue to inform our political discourse today. Rome's decline and fall have long fascinated historians, but the story of how the empire was won is every bit as compelling. With The Rise of Rome, one of our most revered chroniclers of the ancient world tells that tale in a way that will galvanize, inform, and enlighten modern readers. Praise for The Rise of Rome "Fascinating history and a great read."-Chicago Sun-Times "An engrossing history of a relentlessly pugnacious city's 500-year rise to empire."-Kirkus Reviews "Rome's history abounds with remarkable figures. . . . Everitt writes for the informed and the uninformed general reader alike, in a brisk, conversational style, with a modern attitude of skepticism and realism."-The Dallas Morning News "[A] lively and readable account . . . Roman history has an uncanny ability to resonate with contemporary events."-Maclean's "Elegant, swift and faultless as an introduction to his subject."-The Spectator "[An] engaging work that will captivate and inform from beginning to end."-Booklist

NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY THE KANSAS CITY STAR From Anthony Everitt, the bestselling author of acclaimed biographies of Cicero, Augustus, and Hadrian, comes a riveting, magisterial account of Rome and its remarkable ascent from an obscure agrarian backwater to the greatest empire the world has ever known. Emerging as a market town from a cluster of hill villages in the eighth and seventh centuries B.C., Rome grew to become the ancient world's preeminent power. Everitt fashions the story of Rome's rise to glory into an erudite page-turner filled with lasting lessons for our time. He chronicles the clash between patricians and plebeians that defined the politics of the Republic. He shows how Rome's shrewd strategy of offering citizenship to her defeated subjects was instrumental in expanding the reach of her burgeoning empire. And he outlines the corrosion of constitutional norms that accompanied Rome's imperial expansion, as old habits of political compromise gave way, leading to violence and civil war. In the end, unimaginable wealth and power corrupted the traditional virtues of the Republic, and Rome was left triumphant everywhere except within its own borders. Everitt paints indelible portraits of the great Romans-and non-Romans-who left their mark on the world out of which the mighty empire grew: Cincinnatus, Rome's George Washington, the very model of the patrician warrior/aristocrat; the brilliant general Scipio Africanus, who turned back a challenge from the Carthaginian legend Hannibal; and Alexander the Great, the invincible Macedonian conqueror who became a role model for generations of would-be Roman rulers. Here also are the intellectual and philosophical leaders whose observations on the art of government and "the good life" have inspired every Western power from antiquity to the present: Cato the Elder, the famously incorruptible statesman who spoke out against the decadence of his times, and Cicero, the consummate orator whose championing of republican institutions put him on a collision course with Julius Caesar and whose writings on justice and liberty continue to inform our political discourse today. Rome's decline and fall have long fascinated historians, but the story of how the empire was won is every bit as compelling. With The Rise of Rome, one of our most revered chroniclers of the ancient world tells that tale in a way that will galvanize, inform, and enlighten modern readers. Praise for The Rise of Rome "Fascinating history and a great read."-Chicago Sun-Times "An engrossing history of a relentlessly pugnacious city's 500-year rise to empire."-Kirkus Reviews "Rome's history abounds with remarkable figures. . . . Everitt writes for the informed and the uninformed general reader alike, in a brisk, conversational style, with a modern attitude of skepticism and realism."-The Dallas Morning News "[A] lively and readable account . . . Roman history has an uncanny ability to resonate with contemporary events."-Maclean's "Elegant, swift and faultless as an introduction to his subject."-The Spectator "[An] engaging work that will captivate and inform from beginning to end."-Booklist

Ancient Rome was an imposing city even by modern standards, a sprawling imperial metropolis of more than a million inhabitants, a "mixture of luxury and filth, liberty and exploitation, civic pride and murderous civil war" that served as the seat of power for an empire that spanned from Spain to Syria. Yet how did all this emerge from what was once an insignificant village in central Italy? In S.P.Q.R., world-renowned classicist Mary Beard narrates the unprecedented rise of a civilization that even two thousand years later still shapes many of our most fundamental assumptions about power, citizenship, responsibility, political violence, empire, luxury, and beauty. From the foundational myth of Romulus and Remus to 212 ce-nearly a thousand years later-when the emperor Caracalla gave Roman citizenship to every free inhabitant of the empire, S.P.Q.R. (the abbreviation of "The Senate and People of Rome") examines not just how we think of ancient Rome but challenges the comfortable historical perspectives that have existed for centuries by exploring how the Romans thought of themselves: how they challenged the idea of imperial rule, how they responded to terrorism and revolution, and how they invented a new idea of citizenship and nation. Opening the book in 63 bce with the famous clash between the populist aristocrat Catiline and Cicero, the renowned politician and orator, Beard animates this "terrorist conspiracy," which was aimed at the very heart of the Republic, demonstrating how this singular event would presage the struggle between democracy and autocracy that would come to define much of Rome's subsequent history. Illustrating how a classical democracy yielded to a self-confident and self-critical empire, S.P.Q.R. reintroduces us, though in a wholly different way, to famous and familiar characters-Hannibal, Julius Caesar, Cleopatra, Augustus, and Nero, among others-while expanding the historical aperture to include those overlooked in traditional histories: the women, the slaves and ex-slaves, conspirators, and those on the losing side of Rome's glorious conquests. Like the best detectives, Beard sifts fact from fiction, myth and propaganda from historical record, refusing either simple admiration or blanket condemnation. Far from being frozen in marble, Roman history, she shows, is constantly being revised and rewritten as our knowledge expands. Indeed, our perceptions of ancient Rome have changed dramatically over the last fifty years, and S.P.Q.R., with its nuanced attention to class inequality, democratic struggles, and the lives of entire groups of people omitted from the historical narrative for centuries, promises to shape our view of Roman history for decades to come.

Ancient Rome was an imposing city even by modern standards, a sprawling imperial metropolis of more than a million inhabitants, a "mixture of luxury and filth, liberty and exploitation, civic pride and murderous civil war" that served as the seat of power for an empire that spanned from Spain to Syria. Yet how did all this emerge from what was once an insignificant village in central Italy? In S.P.Q.R., world-renowned classicist Mary Beard narrates the unprecedented rise of a civilization that even two thousand years later still shapes many of our most fundamental assumptions about power, citizenship, responsibility, political violence, empire, luxury, and beauty. From the foundational myth of Romulus and Remus to 212 ce-nearly a thousand years later-when the emperor Caracalla gave Roman citizenship to every free inhabitant of the empire, S.P.Q.R. (the abbreviation of "The Senate and People of Rome") examines not just how we think of ancient Rome but challenges the comfortable historical perspectives that have existed for centuries by exploring how the Romans thought of themselves: how they challenged the idea of imperial rule, how they responded to terrorism and revolution, and how they invented a new idea of citizenship and nation. Opening the book in 63 bce with the famous clash between the populist aristocrat Catiline and Cicero, the renowned politician and orator, Beard animates this "terrorist conspiracy," which was aimed at the very heart of the Republic, demonstrating how this singular event would presage the struggle between democracy and autocracy that would come to define much of Rome's subsequent history. Illustrating how a classical democracy yielded to a self-confident and self-critical empire, S.P.Q.R. reintroduces us, though in a wholly different way, to famous and familiar characters-Hannibal, Julius Caesar, Cleopatra, Augustus, and Nero, among others-while expanding the historical aperture to include those overlooked in traditional histories: the women, the slaves and ex-slaves, conspirators, and those on the losing side of Rome's glorious conquests. Like the best detectives, Beard sifts fact from fiction, myth and propaganda from historical record, refusing either simple admiration or blanket condemnation. Far from being frozen in marble, Roman history, she shows, is constantly being revised and rewritten as our knowledge expands. Indeed, our perceptions of ancient Rome have changed dramatically over the last fifty years, and S.P.Q.R., with its nuanced attention to class inequality, democratic struggles, and the lives of entire groups of people omitted from the historical narrative for centuries, promises to shape our view of Roman history for decades to come.

In "Paradise Lost," John Milton crafts an epic poem that delves into the profound themes of free will, redemption, and the human condition through the biblical story of the Fall of Man. Written in blank verse and showcasing Milton's adept command of classical allusions, the poem explores the complex characters of Satan, Adam, and Eve, inviting readers to grapple with the moral implications of their choices. Set against a backdrop of cosmic battles between good and evil, the narrative is both a rich tapestry of theological inquiry and a poignant exploration of the struggle for human agency within divine predestination. John Milton, a fervent advocate for individual liberty and an accomplished poet, penned "Paradise Lost" during a period marked by political upheaval and religious contention in 17th-century England. His blind condition later in life intensified his profound reflections on vision and clarity, allowing him to envision a story where knowledge and ignorance play critical roles. As a believer in the power of human reason, Milton'Äôs personal journey and ideological convictions deeply influenced this landmark work of literature. Recommended for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the moral complexities of existence, "Paradise Lost" remains a seminal text that challenges and enlightens. Its rich language, intricate characterizations, and thematic depth provide a rewarding experience for both seasoned scholars and casual readers alike, inviting exploration and reflection on the eternal questions of faith, duty, and the nature of evil. In this enriched edition, we have carefully created added value for your reading experience: - A succinct Introduction situates the work's timeless appeal and themes. - The Synopsis outlines the central plot, highlighting key developments without spoiling critical twists. - A detailed Historical Context immerses you in the era's events and influences that shaped the writing. - An Author Biography reveals milestones in the author's life, illuminating the personal insights behind the text. - A thorough Analysis dissects symbols, motifs, and character arcs to unearth underlying meanings. - Reflection questions prompt you to engage personally with the work's messages, connecting them to modern life. - Hand-picked Memorable Quotes shine a spotlight on moments of literary brilliance. - Interactive footnotes clarify unusual references, historical allusions, and archaic phrases for an effortless, more informed read.

The Social Contract, written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau and first published in 1762, is one of the most influential works of political philosophy ever written. In this groundbreaking treatise, Rousseau explores the fundamental question that has shaped societies for centuries: how can human beings live together in a just and free society? Opening with the famous declaration, "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains," Rousseau examines the tension between individual freedom and the authority of the state. He argues that legitimate political power does not come from force, tradition, or divine right, but from an agreement among citizens to form a collective community governed by shared laws. This agreement-known as the social contract-creates a society in which individuals unite under a common will while preserving their freedom and equality. Rousseau introduces the powerful concept of the "general will," the idea that the true foundation of a just government lies in the collective interests of the people rather than the desires of rulers or elites. According to Rousseau, laws should reflect the common good and be created by citizens who actively participate in shaping their society. In such a system, political authority becomes legitimate because it is grounded in the consent and participation of the governed. Through clear arguments and thought-provoking reflections, Rousseau analyzes the origins of political authority, the nature of sovereignty, the role of laws, and the responsibilities of citizens. He also examines different forms of government and the conditions necessary for a political system to remain stable, fair, and representative of the people's will. Although written in the eighteenth century, The Social Contract remains remarkably relevant. Its ideas played a crucial role in shaping modern democratic thought and inspired major historical movements, including the French Revolution. Today, the book continues to influence discussions about democracy, civil rights, political legitimacy, and the relationship between individuals and the state. Both philosophical and revolutionary, The Social Contract challenges readers to rethink the foundations of political life and the meaning of freedom within society. Rousseau's work stands as a timeless exploration of how communities can balance authority with liberty while striving to create governments that truly serve the people

This edition is a fully illustrated reprint of the 1904 publication by Aleister Crowley and Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers. This edition of The Lesser Key of Solomon the King contains all of the over 150 seals, sigils, and charts of the original lesser book of Solomon. Beware of other editions that do not contain the Lesser Key of Solomon seals; they were painstakingly researched by Mathers and Crowley, and Solomon's lesser key is enhanced by their inclusion. This edition also contains Crowley's original comments located in over 35 annotations to help the reader understand the lesser keys of Solomon the king. In this work, Crowley and Mathers assemble descriptions and directions for the invocation of over 72 demons or spirits. Included are: illustrations of Solomon's Magic Circle & Triangle, Enochian translations of the Goetia book, step by step guides for invocation, as well as definitions and explanations for the ancient terms seen throughout the Lesser Key of Solomon book. The Lesser Key of Solomon, or the Clavicula Salomonis Regis, or Lemegeton, is a compilation of materials and writings from ancient sources making up a text book of magic or "grimoire." Portions of this book can be traced back to the mid-16th to 17th centuries, when occult researchers such as Cornelius Agrippa and Johannes Trithemisus assembled what they discovered during their investigations into their own great works. As a modern grimoire, the Lesser Key of Solomon has seen several editions with various authors and editors taking liberty to edit and translate the ancient writings and source material. In 1898, Arthur Edward Waite published his The Book of Black Magic and of Pacts, which contained large portions of the Lemegeton. He was followed by Mathers and Crowley in 1904 who published The Goetia: The Lesser Key of Solomon. Many others have assembled their own version of this ancient material since, and it is important to realize that it is the contents rather than the book itself that make up the Lesser Key. Traditionally, the source material is divided into five books: Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria. Mathers and Crowley indicate their edition is a translation only of the first book: Goetia. In the preface to this edition, it is explained that a "Secret Chief" of the Rosicrucian Order directed the completion of the book. The original editor was a G. H. Fra. D.D.C.F. who translated ancient texts from French, Hebrew, and Latin, but was unable to complete his labors because of the martial assaults of the Four Great Princes. Crowley was then asked to step in and finish what the previous author had begun. Traditionally, S. L. MacGregor Mathers is credited as the translator of this edition, and Crowley is given the title of editor. Although impossible to verify, it is often claimed that Mathers did not want to publish this work, but Crowley did so anyway without his permission.

This edition is a fully illustrated reprint of the 1904 publication by Aleister Crowley and Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers. This edition of The Lesser Key of Solomon the King contains all of the over 150 seals, sigils, and charts of the original lesser book of Solomon. Beware of other editions that do not contain the Lesser Key of Solomon seals; they were painstakingly researched by Mathers and Crowley, and Solomon's lesser key is enhanced by their inclusion. This edition also contains Crowley's original comments located in over 35 annotations to help the reader understand the lesser keys of Solomon the king. In this work, Crowley and Mathers assemble descriptions and directions for the invocation of over 72 demons or spirits. Included are: illustrations of Solomon's Magic Circle & Triangle, Enochian translations of the Goetia book, step by step guides for invocation, as well as definitions and explanations for the ancient terms seen throughout the Lesser Key of Solomon book. The Lesser Key of Solomon, or the Clavicula Salomonis Regis, or Lemegeton, is a compilation of materials and writings from ancient sources making up a text book of magic or "grimoire." Portions of this book can be traced back to the mid-16th to 17th centuries, when occult researchers such as Cornelius Agrippa and Johannes Trithemisus assembled what they discovered during their investigations into their own great works. As a modern grimoire, the Lesser Key of Solomon has seen several editions with various authors and editors taking liberty to edit and translate the ancient writings and source material. In 1898, Arthur Edward Waite published his The Book of Black Magic and of Pacts, which contained large portions of the Lemegeton. He was followed by Mathers and Crowley in 1904 who published The Goetia: The Lesser Key of Solomon. Many others have assembled their own version of this ancient material since, and it is important to realize that it is the contents rather than the book itself that make up the Lesser Key. Traditionally, the source material is divided into five books: Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria. Mathers and Crowley indicate their edition is a translation only of the first book: Goetia. In the preface to this edition, it is explained that a "Secret Chief" of the Rosicrucian Order directed the completion of the book. The original editor was a G. H. Fra. D.D.C.F. who translated ancient texts from French, Hebrew, and Latin, but was unable to complete his labors because of the martial assaults of the Four Great Princes. Crowley was then asked to step in and finish what the previous author had begun. Traditionally, S. L. MacGregor Mathers is credited as the translator of this edition, and Crowley is given the title of editor. Although impossible to verify, it is often claimed that Mathers did not want to publish this work, but Crowley did so anyway without his permission.

"This is an ambitious volume that provides in-depth coverage of German attitudes and interpretations of 'the West,' and how these have changed over time . . . A particular value of this volume is its use of German sources, making German-based arguments and interpretations available to English-speaking academia." · Giles Scott-Smith, Leiden University "[This] volume provides an impressive overview of the history of German images and perceptions of 'the West,' its changing meanings and importance over a long period of time. It unites the foremost experts on this subject." · Egbert Klautke, University College London "The West" is a central idea in German public discourse, yet historians know surprisingly little about the evolution of the concept. Contrary to common assumptions, this volume argues that the German concept of the West was not born in the twentieth century, but can be traced from a much earlier time. In the nineteenth century, "the West" became associated with notions of progress, liberty, civilization, and modernity. It signified the future through the opposition to antonyms such as "Russia" and "the East," and was deployed as a tool for forging German identities. Examining the shifting meanings, political uses, and transnational circulations of the idea of "the West" sheds new light on German intellectual history from the post-Napoleonic era to the Cold War. Riccardo Bavaj is a Lecturer in Modern European History at the University of St Andrews. From 2009 to 2012 he was a Feodor Lynen Research Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. His publications include "'The West': A Conceptual Exploration" in European History Online (2011) and Die Ambivalenz der Moderne im Nationalsozialismus (2003). Martina Steber is a Research Fellow at the Institut für Zeitgeschichte München-Berlin. Her publications include Ethnische Gewissheiten: Die Ordnung des Regionalen im bayerischen Schwaben vom Kaiserreich bis zum NS-Regime (2010) and Visions of Community in Nazi Germany: Social Engineering and Private Lives, edited with Bernhard Gotto (2014).